The library of the American Oriental Society (AOS) supports and documents research in the languages and literatures of Asia. Its holdings include materials in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Assyrian, Babylonian, Sumerian, Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, Chinese, Japanese, and Armenian.

The collection's printed materials are located in Room 329 of Sterling Memorial Library (SML), while its manuscripts are housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. The majority of these materials have been cataloged and can be discovered through Orbis (the online catalog of the Yale University Library).

Cataloged items can be requested for consultation in the Manuscripts & Archives Reading Room through a link in the Orbis record for each title.

The Catalogue of the Library of the American Oriental Society (Elizabeth Strout, ed., New Haven: Yale University Library, 1930) describes the printed materials in the collection as of that date.