Agawu, Kofi. “Theory and Practice in the Analysis of Nineteenth-Century Lied.” Music Analysis Vol. 11, No. 1 (1992): 3-36.  The author addresses the discrepancies between the treatment of instrumental and vocal music.  The author discusses principles of analyzing vocal music and gives four competing explanatory models (p. 5).  The first model explains songs as purely musical structures; the second explains songs as “irreducible” combinations of words and music; the third explains music as the foundation of songs and words as the apex; the fourth explains that music and words exist independently from one another, and that songs also have a form of independent existence (pp. 7-8).

Everett, Walter. “Voice Leading, Register, and Self-Discipline in [Mozart’s] Die Zauberflöte.” Theory & Practice Vol. 16 (1991): 103-126.  This article contains detailed musical analysis of several important pieces from another of Mozart’s operas.  Everett focuses on the relationship between music and text and how the two work together toward the portrayal of character in the opera.  For example, Everett examines the musical differences between the Queen’s arias in the first and second acts and how these interact with extant theories of coinciding changes in her character.  This will serve as a helpful model analysis because the pieces are by the same composer and in the same stylistic genre.

Webster, James. “The Analysis of Mozart’s Arias.” in Mozart Studies, Cliff Eisen, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991: 101-199.  This lengthy article contains voice-leading graphs, although the primary aim of the article is to understand the larger forms of various Mozart arias.  It serves as a substantial contribution to understanding Mozart’s arias, and even contains a quotation from Mozart himself regarding the interaction between words and music (p. 132).  Yet the subject of Mozart arias may prove helpful in my own analysis of “Mi Tradi,” which is not specifically analyzed in the article.

The section "Music and Text in Mozart's Operas" was prepared by Christy Thomas