Regarding the first two resources listed below, there is significant overlap up until 1951. For earlier years within this range, SAOA has more volumes. However, the Global Census Archive is stronger for 1941 and 1951.
The above should cover most needs. Should you need to consult printed census volumes, I have retained the links below, compiled by a predecessor.
A Hundred years of the Indian census, 1872-1971
by