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Student guide to Archival Research at Yale: Searching the Archives

Which search engine should I use?

Archives at Yale contains finding aids of all special collections   in all repositories  . Things that aren’t big enough to require a finding aid won’t be found here. Archives at Yale contains only things from special collections, and all items are non circulating. It doesn’t contain circulating books. Every collection has a catalog record  , and things listed in Archives at Yale have a link to its Orbis catalog record.

Orbis is a catalog that contains everything, big or small, including the boxes not listed in Archives at Yale because they’re small enough to not require a finding aid. Individual items will be found here too. Orbis contains things outside of special collections as well.

Start off with a good keyword search before using filters. Filters use controlled vocabulary , format types, repositories , and record types (like a collection record or a record for an individual group or file) that can help you find collections related to a certain topic, person, organization. They can also help narrow down collections from a certain library or containing a certain format, like photographs or video recording. If you find a new term of keyword that turns up a lot of results and keeps popping up in relevant results, try a new search with this word.

Keyword Search
  • Depending on what you type into the search bar, you’ll probably get a lot of results and can start narrowing results with the built in filters.
  • A keyword search looks for words anywhere in the record, prioritizing collections and records with your keywords in the title or author section.
  • This doesn’t work the same as Google, which can search for phrases and topics you type in the search bar.
  • Example:
    • DO search “civil rights movement” and then use the subjects or names filters to find materials from people who were active in the movement
    • DON’T search “people alive during the Civil Rights Movement”
Date range
  • Use this if you want to access primary sources  created during a certain time period. Keep in mind that many collections include a wide date range so a search for material from 1960-1969 will pull up collections that include material from this date range, for example, a collection with a date range of 1400-2000.
Repository filter
  • Don't use this unless you know exactly where the item you're searching for is located. Beinecke and MSSA (Manuscripts and Archives) have the most collections and variety of items, so it's best not to exclude them from your search if you’re not sure where what you’re looking for is located. 
Type filter
  • Use this if you know exactly what type of record or item you want, ” like a collection record, an archival object record (which is a detail for an item, file, or group), a digital object (something that is available digitally) or a record for a subject or person record. If you don’t find anything in the one type you thought it would be in, explore a variety of types and formats of materials.
Subjects filter
  • Use this at the collection level to find collections containing a specific subject or format.
Names filter
  • Filter using names of people and organizations who authored materials and names of people and organizations mentioned in a collection.

Because Orbis is a catalogue of all of Yale University Library’s holdings, it contains all collections and items in Archives at Yale and more. It contains slightly different search fields than Archives at Yale, the most useful of which will be described below.

Quicksearch works similarly to Orbis and also contains all library holdings. For archival research purposes, use "Books+" and limit to "Archives and Manuscripts"

Keyword
  • Depending on what you type into the search bar, you’ll probably get a lot of results and can start narrowing results with the built in filters.

  • A keyword search looks for words anywhere in the record, prioritizing records with your keywords in the title or author section.

  • This doesn’t work the same as Google, which can search for phrases and topics you type in the search bar.

  • Example:

    • DO search “civil rights movement” and then use the subjects or names filters to find materials from people who were active in the movement

    • DON’T search “people alive during the Civil Rights Movement”

Title
  • Use this if you know the partial or full title of the item or collection you want to find.
Author
  • Always put in the name as “lastname, firstname” because the author search is an index search, like looking up something in the back of a textbook.
Call number
  • Use this if you know the call number of the exact item you want. There’s two call number search options: Library of Congress (LC) and Local. 
  • Use the Library of Congress call number option if you know the call number of an item but aren’t sure if Yale has the item.
Subject Browse and Special Collections Subject
  • Use this if you know the exact subject of what you’re looking for. Subject searches are controlled vocabulary .
  • Try different iterations of a search term if you don’t find enough relevant results with your first subject search!
Quick Limits
  • This can only be used for keyword and title searches. The most useful for you as someone doing primary source research, the limit “Archives and Manuscripts” would be the most useful.
Scope and Contents
  • Provides a narrative of what’s in a collection.
  • Read this section to get a basic description of the search result, and why it’s relevant to your search terms and filters.
PDF Finding Aid
  • Gives you instructions on requesting materials.
  • See a static document style list of all the information found in the web page view.
Finding Aid View
  • Lists the box and folder you can find an exact item in, with link to request a box directly from here.
  • See everything in a scrollable, interactive hierarchical format.
Container List
  • Shows a list view of boxes or containers in this collection.
  • Click on a box link to see what is in each box. For example, if you've seen this collection before and found something important in Box 7 but can't remember what it was, click on "Box 7" to see a list of its contents.
Narrowing results in a collection
  • Use the “Search Collection” search bar to locate your search term within the collection description or to limit a search to one collection
  • Use filters within a collection search results list to narrow down material you want to see instead of requesting and sifting through the whole collection.
  • Use the collection’s “Series” to narrow down types of materials or subjects within a collection.

Things to keep in mind

- Make a search strategy! A search strategy will help cut down your time spent browsing search engines to find what you need. Before starting your search:

  1. formulate a research question
  2. develop a time frame or schedule
  3. list possible sources of information
  4. identify and keep a record of key words, terms, and phrases
  5. brainstorm possible media forms
  6. identify keywords.

- Just because your initial keyword search didn’t turn up the item you want doesn’t mean the item doesn’t exist! Try a new keyword or use less filters.

- To understand why a search result popped up and to see if it's relevant to what you're looking for, make sure you scan these sections:

  • Scope and Contents (Archives at Yale, Orbis)
  • Overview (Archives at Yale)
  • Biographical / Historical (Archives at Yale)
  • Summary (Orbis)

- You might be so sure something exists and that we have it, but sometimes it may just be in a different collection not at Yale, such as another university’s special collections , someone’s private collection, or even in some grandmother’s attic.

- Don’t use too many filters if you don’t know exactly what you want, because you may accidentally exclude and overlook relevant items and collections.

- Correspondence written by someone will most likely not be in a collection of the sender’s papers. They sent it out to someone else, therefore it will probably be in a collection with the recipient’s papers.

- Reach out to subject specialists that can help you find something within a specific field of study. They can also refer you to special collections librarians and/or curators who can help.

- Don’t forget you have a personal librarian for research advice! They can offer personalized research advice.