U.S. Relations with Panama and Operation Just CauseIn December 1989, following attacks on members of the U.S. armed forces stationed in Panama, the United States struck back in Operation Just Cause to restore democratic institutions in Panama and arrest Panamanian President Manuel Noriega for his role in international drug smuggling. The brief military operation proved successful, and Noriega, after first alluding capture and taking refuge in the Papal Nuncio's residence, surrendered to U.S. authorities. He was transported back to the United States, stood trial on numerous drug-related charges, and was convicted and sentenced to prison. This collection includes letters, memoranda, reports, papers, cables, and notes related to all aspects of our relations with Panama.