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Yale and Slavery: 18th Century Sources

Bibliographic list of source materials on Yale and slavery.

18th Century Sources

Yale was founded as the Collegiate School in 1701. Research on the 18th century included identifying enslavers and human traffickers who were donors, leaders, and trustees; tracing connections between early donations to Yale, the slave trade, and the Caribbean trade; identifying enslaved and free Black people who helped build Connecticut Hall; exploring the evolution of pro- and anti-slavery doctrine among Yale students, alumni, and staff; and examining the relationship between slavery, enslaved people, the Revolutionary War in New Haven and Connecticut. For further references, see Yale and Slavery: A History by David W. Blight with the Yale and Slavery Research Project (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2024).

Primary Sources

Early Yale Documents Collection (RU 1154)

Berkeley Papers, 1724-1801 (GEN MSS 1318)

Thomas Clap, president of Yale College, records (RU 130)

Accession 1935-A-010

Treasurer, Yale University, records (RU 151)

Series V: Investments

Series VI: Construction records

  • Box 445 Folder 7, Connecticut Hall (South Middle College): accounts of receipts and expenditures 1752-1756

Jonathan Edwards collection (MSS 151)

Works of Jonathan Edwards Online

Dwight Family Papers (MS 187)

  • Bond for Naomi (1788), Box 1, folder 1

The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles ... president of Yale College

Ezra Stiles Papers (GEN MSS 1475)

Williams Family Papers (GEN MSS 1180)

Elihu Yale Collection (MS 566),

Slavery Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection (MS 717)

George Leon Walker and Williston Walker Papers (RG 51)

Colgate Family Papers (MS 144)

Aaron Columbus Burr Papers (MS 116)

Caleb Baldwin Papers (MS 53)

Dutton Family Papers (RG 63)

William Davis Ely Family Papers (MS 944)

"A dialogue concerning slavery of the Africans [electronic resource]: shewing it to be the duty and interest of the American states to emancipate all their African slaves: with an address to the owners of such slaves: dedicated to the Honourable the Continental Congress: to which is prefixed, the institution of the society in New-York, for promoting the manumission of slaves, and protecting such of them as has been, or may be, liberated" by Samuel Hopkins, Yale class of 1741

"The Injustice and Impolicy of the Slave Trade and of the Slavery of the Africans: Illustrated in Sermon on September 15, 1791", by Jonathan Edwards, Yale Class of 1720

"The African Slave Trade: Sermon on September 9, 1790", by James Dana

"An Oration on Domestic Slavery" by Zephaniah Swift (1791)

"Constitution of the Connecticut Society for the Promotion of Freedom" (1792)

"Effects of Slavery on Morals and Industry" by Noah Webster (1793)

Secondary Sources

Rajani Sudan, "Connecting Lives: Elihu Yale and the British East India Company" (book chapter)

Guocun Yang. "From Slavery to Emancipation: The African Americans of Connecticut" (dissertation)

Robert Forbes, "Grating the Nutmeg: Slavery and Racism in Connecticut from the Colonial Era to the Civil War" (journal article)

Mary H. Mitchell, "Slavery in Connecticut and Especially in New Haven" (journal article)

Rhoesmary R. Williams, "Demonizing, Dehumanizing, and Whitewashing: Linguistic Examination of The Connecticut Courant's Coverage of Slavery" (master's thesis)

Alison Freehling, "All in the Family? The Master-Slave Relationship in Colonial Connecticut" (Yale senior essay - used with permission)

George C. Groce, Jr., "Benjamin Gale" (journal article)

Kenneth Minkema, "Jonathan Edwards's Defense of Slavery" (journal article)

Kenneth Minkema and Harry S. Stout, "The Edwardsean Tradition and the Antislavery Debate, 1740-1865" (journal article)

Kenneth Minkema, "Jonathan Edwards on Slavery and the Slave Trade" (journal article)

Joseph Yannielli, "Elihu Yale was a Slave Trader" (blog post)

James D. Essig, "Connecticut Ministers and Slavery, 1790-1795" (journal article)

David Menschel, "Abolition Without Deliverance: The Law of Connecticut of Slavery, 1784-1848" (journal article)

Jackson Turner Main, "Society and Economy in Colonial Connecticut" (book chapter)

Bernette Mosley-Dozier, "Slavery in the State of Connecticut" (journal article)

Gwendolyn Evans Logan, "The Slave in Connecticut During the American Revolution" (journal article)

Lorenzo J. Greene, "Slave-Holding New England and Its Awakening" (journal article)

James Brewer Stewart, "The New Haven Negro College and the Meanings of Race in New England, 1776-1870" (journal article)

Chauncey W. Fowler, The Historical Status of the Negro in Connecticut(1901)

Lorenzo Johnston Greene, The Negro in Colonial New England (1942)

Barbara W. Brown and James M. Rose, Black Roots in Southeastern Connecticut, 1650-1900 (1980)

Joseph Avitable, “The Atlantic World Economy and Colonial Connecticut” (PhD diss., University of Rochester, 2009)

Eric Kimball, “An Essential Link in a Vast Chain: New England and the West Indies, 1700-1775” (PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 2009)

Craig Steven Wilder, Ebony & Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities (2013)

Elizabeth J. Normen et al., eds., African American Connecticut Explored (2013)

Building of Yale

Thomas Clap, president of Yale College, records (RU 130)

Accession 1935-A-010

Treasurer, Yale University, records (RU 151)

Series V: Investments

Series VI: Construction records

  • Box 445 Folder 7, Connecticut Hall (South Middle College): accounts of receipts and expenditures 1752-1756
  • "Donations List and Donations from the State of Connecticut, 1700- 1765," Folder 1, Box 370, General Histories, Series IV: Benefactors, 1700-1963. Treasurer, Yale University, Records (RU 151). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.

James Wadsworth, Plan of the City of New Haven (1748), ZZ35 5 1

Thomas Clap, Annals or history of Yale-College, in New-Haven (1766), Pequot C53