The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity
by
Benjamin Isaac
Refutes the belief that ancient Greeks and Romans harbored "ethnic and cultural," but not racial, prejudice. Systematic analysis of ancient social prejudices and stereotypes. Last chapter concerns anti-Semitism. Online available.
Why This New Race: Ethnic Reasoning in Early Christianity
by
Denise Kimber Buell
Origins of Christian identity as not a religion that transcended ethnic and racial distinctions. Reveals centrality of race / ethnicity in early definitions of Christianity and "ethnic reasoning." Christians positioned themselves as members of an ethnos or genos distinct from Jews, Romans, and Greeks.